As businesses digitally transform and distribute their environments across multiple platforms, keeping up with various cloud technologies can be challenging. Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud are two common approaches, each with distinct benefits and purposes. Understanding the key similarities and differences between multi-cloud and hybrid cloud is critical for organizations exploring cloud adoption.
Difference Between Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Environments
Multi-Cloud Overview
A multi-cloud strategy utilizes two or more public cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud. The goal is to match specific business needs with the unique strengths of each platform.
For example, a company might use:
- AWS for development and testing workloads, taking advantage of AWS's wide range of infrastructure and platform services
- Google Cloud Platform for advanced analytics and machine learning capabilities using services like BigQuery and TensorFlow
- Microsoft Azure for Windows workloads and integration with Office 365 productivity tools
Some key benefits of a multi-cloud approach include:
- Flexibility to choose the best services for specific needs, rather than being locked into any single vendor
- Ability to negotiate better deals by playing providers against each other
- Disaster recovery and business continuity through distributing workloads
- Avoidance of vendor lock-in by not relying entirely on one provider
- Global scale and reach by utilizing multiple cloud networks
- Access to a wider technology portfolio and innovations
Multi-cloud architectures allow organizations to be strategically agile in adopting new solutions from different providers as business needs evolve. For example, if a company wants to pilot a new machine learning project, they can spin up GPU instances on Google Cloud Platform without migrating everything away from AWS.
However, there are also important challenges and risks to evaluate with multi-cloud:
- No single provider manages the entire environment, so more effort is required for internal management
- Integrating and moving data between clouds can create complex dependencies
- Monitoring and managing performance, security, and costs across providers is difficult
- Each cloud has different APIs, dashboards, and mechanisms, which increases operational overhead
- There can be unpredictable network latency or bandwidth issues between regions
- Vendor outages and disruptions can cascade across interconnected cloud deployments
To help mitigate these issues, organizations are increasingly adopting multi-cloud management platforms and tools to provide:
- Unified visibility across cloud environments
- Automated policy enforcement for governance
- Workload placement optimization
- Identity and access management
- Continuous security monitoring
- Cost management and reporting
- Backup and disaster recovery
Leading solutions include Apptio Cloudability, BMC Multi-Cloud Management, Flexera, CloudHealth by VMware, IBM Multicloud Manager, and more. These help centralize control and deliver integrated functions like cost optimization, security, and compliance across multi-cloud.
Hybrid Cloud Overview
A hybrid cloud combines private cloud infrastructure on-premises or at the edge, with public cloud resources. This provides businesses the ability to maintain control over sensitive assets in their own data centers, while still leveraging on-demand scalability and services from public cloud providers.
There are two primary hybrid cloud architecture approaches:
- Heterogeneous: The private cloud portion utilizes open-source platforms like OpenStack or Kubernetes to provide flexibility. Workloads can move between the private cloud and the public cloud.
- Homogeneous: The private cloud uses the same technology stack as the public cloud. This facilitates easy portability between the environments. Examples are AWS Outposts, Azure Stack, and Google Anthos.
Determining which approach to take from multi-cloud and hybrid cloud depends on an organization's specific requirements, including:
- Existing technology investments and technical experience
- Need for customization versus turnkey simplicity
- Performance and latency needs for different workloads
- Integration with legacy systems
- Planned public cloud platform(s)
- Data sovereignty and regulatory restrictions
Key potential benefits of hybrid cloud include:
- Cost savings by keeping less critical assets on cheaper on-prem infrastructure
- Improved security and control over sensitive workloads and data
- Scalability to handle usage spikes by shifting to the public cloud as needed
- Business agility through flexible workload placement across environments
- Ability to leverage existing data centers and hardware investments
- Disaster recovery from on-prem to cloud for resilience
Hybrid cloud also comes with a number of notable challenges:
- Added complexity in managing across environments with different tools
- Upfront investment for private cloud build-out and maintenance
- Difficulty integrating legacy technology with modern public cloud platforms
- Dependence on network connectivity between public and private elements
- Vendor lock-in on some homogeneous platforms
Careful evaluation is required to determine if a hybrid cloud makes sense based on the balance of benefits and costs for a given organization.
Comparing Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud
While multi-cloud and hybrid cloud share some key characteristics like flexibility and tailored deployments, there are clear differences between the two approaches:
| Multi-Cloud | Hybrid Cloud | |
| Environments | Public cloud only | Public + private cloud |
| Management approach | Disjointed, multiple vendors | Unified model |
| Security focus | Generalized controls by providers | Strict control for sensitive assets |
| Access and capacity | Leverage unlimited public cloud scale | Shift between fixed private and flexible public capacity |
| Key advantage | Best-of-breed services from multiple vendors | Tight control over critical workloads |
In essence:
- Multi-cloud utilizes multiple public clouds to enable choice and specialization
- Hybrid cloud combines public and private clouds to enhance control and security
Here are some key examples of when each approach makes the most sense:
Multi-cloud use cases
- An e-commerce company using AWS for web hosting, Google for mobile app backend, and Azure for Windows desktop apps
- A startup building machine learning models using Google Cloud Platform's AI tools before expanding to AWS
- A marketing agency using Office 365 for email and documents and AWS for digital campaign hosting
Hybrid cloud use cases
- A financial services company that needs to keep customer data in an on-prem private cloud and use AWS for web hosting
- A healthcare provider using a private cloud for electronic medical records and a public cloud for a patient portal
- A manufacturer with private cloud ERP and public cloud for supply chain analytics
The optimal cloud model depends significantly on the specific requirements and constraints of each organization.
Choosing the Right Approach
When deciding between multi-cloud and hybrid cloud, companies should carefully evaluate their needs in areas like:
Security and compliance: A hybrid cloud can provide greater control for sensitive data, subject to internal policies or external regulations. Multi-cloud relies more on individual provider security capabilities.
Technology strategy: If leveraging services from multiple vendors is preferred, multi-cloud provides more flexibility. Hybrid focuses on integrating private infrastructure with one or more public clouds.
Application architectures: Apps that can be compartmentalized into independent components make better candidates for multi-cloud. Tightly coupled legacy apps may fit the hybrid better.
In-house vs managed services: Multi-cloud requires more internal expertise to integrate different platforms. A managed hybrid cloud is simpler but can be more expensive.
Data gravity and latency: Hybrid allows large data sets and performance-sensitive apps to be kept on-prem. Multi-cloud typically involves more data movement between clouds.
Cost predictability: Hybrid allows continuing use of owned infrastructure while leveraging cloud bursting for spikes. Multi-cloud makes it easier to shift spend between providers.
By understanding the core difference between multi-cloud and hybrid cloud models, organizations can determine the right strategic approach based on their specific priorities, limitations, and future plans. The optimal solution should provide long-term flexibility while meeting immediate business needs.
Conclusion
As cloud adoption accelerates, businesses are implementing both multi-cloud and hybrid cloud architectures to support digital transformation. Multi-cloud enables the utilization of differentiated services from leading providers, while hybrid enables the control of private infrastructure with public cloud agility.
There is no universally superior model – the right choice depends on each organization's needs, capabilities, and application landscape. With a strong understanding of the pros and cons of each approach, companies can architect a cloud environment from hybrid and multi cloud positioned for innovation, growth, and changing market dynamics.
